What is the primary mechanism of action of saxagliptin?

The primary mechanism of action of saxagliptin involves enhancing insulin release. Saxagliptin is a DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor, which plays a significant role in the incretin pathway. By inhibiting DPP-4, saxagliptin increases levels of incretin hormones such as GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). These hormones stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin in response to meals, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.

Furthermore, saxagliptin also contributes to reduced glucagon secretion from the alpha cells of the pancreas, which further helps in managing blood glucose levels. The focus on enhancing insulin release is essential in understanding how saxagliptin aids patients with type 2 diabetes in effectively controlling their blood sugar levels, particularly postprandially (after meals).

Understanding this mechanism is crucial for appreciating how saxagliptin can be utilized in diabetes management, differentiating it from other agents that may work through different pathways, such as increasing glucose utilization or facilitating renal glucose excretion.